[<strong>原文</strong>]
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>其安易持,其未兆易謀。其脆易泮,其微易散。為之於未有,治之於未亂。合抱之木,生於毫末;九層之台,起於壘土;千裏之行,始於足下。為者敗之,執者失之。是以聖人無為,故無敗,無執,故無失。民之從事,常於幾成而敗之。不慎終也。慎終如始,則無敗事。是以聖人欲不欲,不貴難得之貨;學不學,複眾人之所過。以輔萬物之自然,而不敢為。</strong>
<strong>注音版</strong>
<strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>安</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>易</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>持</strong><strong>(ch</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>未</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>兆</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>易</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>謀</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>u)</strong><strong>。其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>脆</strong><strong>(cu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>易</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>泮</strong><strong>(p</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>微</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>易</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>散</strong><strong>(s</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>未</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>有</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>u)</strong><strong>,治</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>未</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>亂</strong><strong>(lu</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。合</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>抱</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>木</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,生</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>毫</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>末</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;九</strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>層</strong><strong>(c</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>台</strong><strong>(t</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>,起</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>壘</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>土</strong><strong>(t</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;千</strong><strong>(qi</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>裏</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>行</strong><strong>(x</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>,始</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>足</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>者</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>者</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>失</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。是</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>,故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>,無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>失</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>從</strong><strong>(c</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>事</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,常</strong><strong>(ch</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>幾</strong><strong>(j</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>成</strong><strong>(ch</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>慎</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>終</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>也</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。慎</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>終</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>如</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>始</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,則</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>事</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。是</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>欲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>欲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>貴</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>難</strong><strong>(n</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>得</strong><strong>(de)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>貨</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;學</strong><strong>(xu</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>學</strong><strong>(xu</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,複</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>眾</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>所</strong><strong>(su</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>過</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>輔</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>萬</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>物</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>然</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敢</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>。</strong>
[<strong>注音</strong>]
“<strong>其安易持,其未兆易謀,其脆易泮,其微易散,為之於未有,治之於未亂”</strong>
安定的局麵容易持守,沒有跡象的事物容易圖謀;脆弱的東西容易分解,細微的東西容易散失;所以要在事情尚未萌芽之時,就預先處理好。亂事在尚未形成的時候就要預防以免發生之時難以處理。
“<strong>合抱之木,生於毫末;九層之台,起於壘土;千裏之行,始於足下。</strong>”
合抱的大數要從嫩芽開始生長(好比樹的成長過程);九層高台是由一筐筐的泥土壘起來的(好比高樓搭建的過程);千裏之行是一步步走出來的。
“<strong>為者敗之,執者失之,是以聖人無為,故無敗,無執,故無失。</strong>”
逞強者必敗,貪婪者比失,聖人無為不貪,因此,不敗,不執著,所以不會有失。
“<strong>民之從事,常於幾成而敗之,不慎終也,慎終如始,則無敗事。</strong>”
人們經常做一些事情,眼看就要成功了,可是卻在最後管他失敗了。這是由於沒有把握好最後,如果在最後也能像開始那樣謹慎小心,就不會失敗了。
“<strong>是以聖人,欲不欲,不貴難得之貨;學不學,複眾人之所過;以輔萬物之自然,而不敢為。</strong>”
所以聖人“<strong>不爭</strong>”,聖人所追求的是一般人所遺棄的(所以聖人不回去收藏平常人所認為的珍寶玩物,這也證明了老子老師所說的“<strong>不貴難得之貨</strong>”)。
聖人所學的是平常人認為不值得學的東西,這樣反而能學到更多的知識。(好比人們誤解老子認為其迷信,其實不然。)
聖人始終輔佐萬物適應自然為已任,從不敢妄為。br />
(聖人知道自己的能力,不奢求不妄為,絕聖棄智,不貴難得之貨,致虛極,守靜篤,無為,無欲,無我,謙虛,謙下,不爭。)
[<strong>長篇大論</strong>]
<strong>妄為悲哀的牛</strong>
一頭勤勞的牛病倒了,主人很同情,也很難過。
病牛在主人的細心照料下,病情逐漸好轉,備受感動!一天,看著主人的勞繁疲憊與萬分辛苦,病牛實在於心不忍,於是鼓足了全身的力氣,拚命拉了一天的犁。
病牛的突然“康複”讓主人歡喜萬分。但事實上,病情卻惡化了許多,然而為了主人高興,也為給主人分擔辛苦,病牛第二天又堅持著拉了一天犁。這主人竟沒半點歡喜,反而有些懷疑:病牛其實很懶惰,裝病,逃避工作,還白白讓我照顧它?為了證實自己的想法,主人決定讓病牛繼續拉犁。盡管病情又惡化了許多,病牛想:我是頭勤勞的牛,如果今天不堅持下去,主人肯定會認為我不願吃苦,懶惰,豈不是勤勞一生所得之美名毀於一旦嗎?所以一定要堅持住!
僥幸,第三天堅持過去了!主人欣慰地想:這家夥果然是裝病!幸好我聰明,早早識破了!這下可要狠狠地懲罰他。於是,病牛拉的犁更重了。然而病情卻非常嚴重了,但是病牛想:主人也太不理解我了!唉,我隻好再堅持下去,用行動來證明我的清白。
第四天,堅持!
每五天,堅持!
第六天,終於,病牛堅持不住了,再次倒下了!
這次徹底病入膏肓了!然而讓病牛悲哀的是:主人不再同情他也不再難過,還說,“像這種東西,死了才好!”
<strong>
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>其安易持,其未兆易謀。其脆易泮,其微易散。為之於未有,治之於未亂。合抱之木,生於毫末;九層之台,起於壘土;千裏之行,始於足下。為者敗之,執者失之。是以聖人無為,故無敗,無執,故無失。民之從事,常於幾成而敗之。不慎終也。慎終如始,則無敗事。是以聖人欲不欲,不貴難得之貨;學不學,複眾人之所過。以輔萬物之自然,而不敢為。</strong>
<strong>注音版</strong>
<strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>安</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>易</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>持</strong><strong>(ch</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>未</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>兆</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>易</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>謀</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>u)</strong><strong>。其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>脆</strong><strong>(cu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>易</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>泮</strong><strong>(p</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>微</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>易</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>散</strong><strong>(s</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>未</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>有</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>u)</strong><strong>,治</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>未</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>亂</strong><strong>(lu</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。合</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>抱</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>木</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,生</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>毫</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>末</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;九</strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>層</strong><strong>(c</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>台</strong><strong>(t</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>,起</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>壘</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>土</strong><strong>(t</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;千</strong><strong>(qi</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>裏</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>行</strong><strong>(x</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>,始</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>足</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>者</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>者</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>失</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。是</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>,故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>,無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>失</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>從</strong><strong>(c</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>事</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,常</strong><strong>(ch</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>於</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>幾</strong><strong>(j</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>成</strong><strong>(ch</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>慎</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>終</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>也</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。慎</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>終</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>如</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>始</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,則</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>事</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。是</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>欲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>欲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>貴</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>難</strong><strong>(n</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>得</strong><strong>(de)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>貨</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;學</strong><strong>(xu</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>學</strong><strong>(xu</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,複</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>眾</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>所</strong><strong>(su</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>過</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>輔</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>萬</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>物</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>然</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敢</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>。</strong>
[<strong>注音</strong>]
“<strong>其安易持,其未兆易謀,其脆易泮,其微易散,為之於未有,治之於未亂”</strong>
安定的局麵容易持守,沒有跡象的事物容易圖謀;脆弱的東西容易分解,細微的東西容易散失;所以要在事情尚未萌芽之時,就預先處理好。亂事在尚未形成的時候就要預防以免發生之時難以處理。
“<strong>合抱之木,生於毫末;九層之台,起於壘土;千裏之行,始於足下。</strong>”
合抱的大數要從嫩芽開始生長(好比樹的成長過程);九層高台是由一筐筐的泥土壘起來的(好比高樓搭建的過程);千裏之行是一步步走出來的。
“<strong>為者敗之,執者失之,是以聖人無為,故無敗,無執,故無失。</strong>”
逞強者必敗,貪婪者比失,聖人無為不貪,因此,不敗,不執著,所以不會有失。
“<strong>民之從事,常於幾成而敗之,不慎終也,慎終如始,則無敗事。</strong>”
人們經常做一些事情,眼看就要成功了,可是卻在最後管他失敗了。這是由於沒有把握好最後,如果在最後也能像開始那樣謹慎小心,就不會失敗了。
“<strong>是以聖人,欲不欲,不貴難得之貨;學不學,複眾人之所過;以輔萬物之自然,而不敢為。</strong>”
所以聖人“<strong>不爭</strong>”,聖人所追求的是一般人所遺棄的(所以聖人不回去收藏平常人所認為的珍寶玩物,這也證明了老子老師所說的“<strong>不貴難得之貨</strong>”)。
聖人所學的是平常人認為不值得學的東西,這樣反而能學到更多的知識。(好比人們誤解老子認為其迷信,其實不然。)
聖人始終輔佐萬物適應自然為已任,從不敢妄為。br />
(聖人知道自己的能力,不奢求不妄為,絕聖棄智,不貴難得之貨,致虛極,守靜篤,無為,無欲,無我,謙虛,謙下,不爭。)
[<strong>長篇大論</strong>]
<strong>妄為悲哀的牛</strong>
一頭勤勞的牛病倒了,主人很同情,也很難過。
病牛在主人的細心照料下,病情逐漸好轉,備受感動!一天,看著主人的勞繁疲憊與萬分辛苦,病牛實在於心不忍,於是鼓足了全身的力氣,拚命拉了一天的犁。
病牛的突然“康複”讓主人歡喜萬分。但事實上,病情卻惡化了許多,然而為了主人高興,也為給主人分擔辛苦,病牛第二天又堅持著拉了一天犁。這主人竟沒半點歡喜,反而有些懷疑:病牛其實很懶惰,裝病,逃避工作,還白白讓我照顧它?為了證實自己的想法,主人決定讓病牛繼續拉犁。盡管病情又惡化了許多,病牛想:我是頭勤勞的牛,如果今天不堅持下去,主人肯定會認為我不願吃苦,懶惰,豈不是勤勞一生所得之美名毀於一旦嗎?所以一定要堅持住!
僥幸,第三天堅持過去了!主人欣慰地想:這家夥果然是裝病!幸好我聰明,早早識破了!這下可要狠狠地懲罰他。於是,病牛拉的犁更重了。然而病情卻非常嚴重了,但是病牛想:主人也太不理解我了!唉,我隻好再堅持下去,用行動來證明我的清白。
第四天,堅持!
每五天,堅持!
第六天,終於,病牛堅持不住了,再次倒下了!
這次徹底病入膏肓了!然而讓病牛悲哀的是:主人不再同情他也不再難過,還說,“像這種東西,死了才好!”
<strong>