[<strong>原文</strong>]
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。吾何以知其然哉？以此：天下多忌諱，而民彌貧；人多利器，國家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盜賊多有。故聖人雲：我無為，而民自化；我好靜，而民自正；我無事，而民自富；我無欲，而民自樸。</strong>
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>正</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>治</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>國</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>奇</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>用</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>兵</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>事</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>取</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>吾</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>何</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>知</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>然</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>哉</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>？</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>此</strong><strong>(c</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>：天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>多</strong><strong>(du</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>忌</strong><strong>(j</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>諱</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>彌</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>貧</strong><strong>(p</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>；人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>多</strong><strong>(du</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>利</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>器</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>國</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>家</strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>滋</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>昏</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>；人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>多</strong><strong>(du</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>伎</strong><strong>(j</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>巧</strong><strong>(qi</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>奇</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>物</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>滋</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>起</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>；法</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>令</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>滋</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>彰</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>盜</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>賊</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>多</strong><strong>(du</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>有</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>u)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>雲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>：</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>我</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>，而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>化</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>；</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>我</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>好</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>靜</strong><strong>(j</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>，而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>正</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>；</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>我</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>事</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>富</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>；</strong><strong>br />
</strong><strong>我</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>欲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>樸</strong><strong>(pi</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>。</strong>
[<strong>譯文</strong>]
“<strong>以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。吾何以知其然哉？</strong>”
要以“<strong>正道</strong>”來治理國家，要以“<strong>奇謀</strong>”來用兵，要以“<strong>不擾民</strong>”的方式去取天下。這些結論是從何而來的呢？
“<strong>以此：天下多忌諱，而民彌貧；人多利器，國家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盜賊多有。</strong>”
請看實例：當天下越多“<strong>忌諱</strong>”，人民就越來越貧窮。當人們“<strong>利器</strong>”越多的時候，國家就越來越混亂了。當人們都懂得用“<strong>伎倆</strong>”（虛偽狡詐）以智取巧的時候，天下怪事奇出。當國家“<strong>法律越森嚴</strong>”的時候，盜賊就越多。
“<strong>故聖人雲：我無為，而民自化；我好靜，而民自正；我無事，而民自富；我無欲，而民自樸。</strong>”
所以聖人說：我“<strong>無為</strong>”，而民“<strong>自化</strong>”；我“<strong>好靜</strong>”，而民“<strong>自正</strong>”；我“<strong>無事</strong>”而民“<strong>自富</strong>”，我“<strong>無欲</strong>”而民“<strong>自樸</strong>”。
[<strong>長篇大論</strong>]
現代哲學故事一則
<strong>“高手”是讓所有人都想贏你</strong>
有個以湖蟹聞名的酒店,需要招聘一名廚師長。
湖蟹在進蒸籠前需要用麻繩綁起來,這是道很繁瑣的工序,所有的廚房員工都不喜歡這道工序,所以每次綁湖蟹都是由廚師長帶頭。
有兩位廚師同時來應聘,試工。第一位試工的廚師每次都帶頭綁湖蟹,還經常與其他廚師進行“綁湖蟹比賽”。每次比賽,大家都盡最大的努力,可就是比不上他,所有人都為他嫻熟的技術折服———他5分鍾綁20隻湖蟹,其他廚師最多綁12隻。
另一位應聘者也號召大家來比賽,但是他不用表掐時間,光是手腳比劃,數個數,這位廚師的手腳並不快,雖然他的喊聲最大,但是每次一開賽,別的廚師一認真起來就能超過他,他幾乎成了大家的笑料。
盡管如此,那位廚師反而用更大的聲音喊著一定要追上其他廚師,他拚命追,其他員工自然也就拚命地不讓他追上。直到試工結束,他捆一綁湖蟹的效率依舊落在其他廚師後麵。
試工結束了,老板竟然聘用了第二個廚師。作為一名廚師長,幹活效率竟然比職工還慢,怎麽服眾?
酒店老板說出了其中的奧秘:第一位應聘廚師雖然手腳很快,但他總贏,讓大家缺乏自信和動力,雖然大家都響應了比賽,但實際上大家都覺得這是個不能贏的比賽,反正都是輸,還能拿出真正的實力和積極性嗎?
第二個廚師手腳雖然慢,但他的“步步緊逼”逼迫大家既興奮又緊張地拚命加快速度,不讓他追上,就在這追與逃之間,每個人都在無意識中提高了勞動效率———他們竟然每5分鍾綁了18隻湖蟹。
員工們沒有想到的是———剛才在老板辦公室,第二個廚師已經當著老板的麵綁過一次湖蟹,他的成績是每5分鍾綁25隻。
他說:我一個人少綁10隻湖蟹,但其餘10人每人多綁6隻,總效率相當於每5分鍾提高了50隻。
高手,不是讓所有人都輸給你,而是讓所有人都想贏你!
<strong>
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。吾何以知其然哉？以此：天下多忌諱，而民彌貧；人多利器，國家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盜賊多有。故聖人雲：我無為，而民自化；我好靜，而民自正；我無事，而民自富；我無欲，而民自樸。</strong>
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>正</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>治</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>國</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>奇</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>用</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>兵</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>事</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>取</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>吾</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>何</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>知</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>然</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>哉</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>？</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>此</strong><strong>(c</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>：天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>多</strong><strong>(du</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>忌</strong><strong>(j</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>諱</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>彌</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>貧</strong><strong>(p</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>；人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>多</strong><strong>(du</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>利</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>器</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>國</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>家</strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>滋</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>昏</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>；人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>多</strong><strong>(du</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>伎</strong><strong>(j</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>巧</strong><strong>(qi</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>奇</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>物</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>滋</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>起</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>；法</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>令</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>滋</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>彰</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>盜</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>賊</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>多</strong><strong>(du</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>有</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>u)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>雲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>：</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>我</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>，而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>化</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>；</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>我</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>好</strong><strong>(h</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>靜</strong><strong>(j</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>，而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>正</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>；</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>我</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>事</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>富</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>；</strong><strong>br />
</strong><strong>我</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>欲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>，而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>民</strong><strong>(m</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>自</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>樸</strong><strong>(pi</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>。</strong>
[<strong>譯文</strong>]
“<strong>以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。吾何以知其然哉？</strong>”
要以“<strong>正道</strong>”來治理國家，要以“<strong>奇謀</strong>”來用兵，要以“<strong>不擾民</strong>”的方式去取天下。這些結論是從何而來的呢？
“<strong>以此：天下多忌諱，而民彌貧；人多利器，國家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盜賊多有。</strong>”
請看實例：當天下越多“<strong>忌諱</strong>”，人民就越來越貧窮。當人們“<strong>利器</strong>”越多的時候，國家就越來越混亂了。當人們都懂得用“<strong>伎倆</strong>”（虛偽狡詐）以智取巧的時候，天下怪事奇出。當國家“<strong>法律越森嚴</strong>”的時候，盜賊就越多。
“<strong>故聖人雲：我無為，而民自化；我好靜，而民自正；我無事，而民自富；我無欲，而民自樸。</strong>”
所以聖人說：我“<strong>無為</strong>”，而民“<strong>自化</strong>”；我“<strong>好靜</strong>”，而民“<strong>自正</strong>”；我“<strong>無事</strong>”而民“<strong>自富</strong>”，我“<strong>無欲</strong>”而民“<strong>自樸</strong>”。
[<strong>長篇大論</strong>]
現代哲學故事一則
<strong>“高手”是讓所有人都想贏你</strong>
有個以湖蟹聞名的酒店,需要招聘一名廚師長。
湖蟹在進蒸籠前需要用麻繩綁起來,這是道很繁瑣的工序,所有的廚房員工都不喜歡這道工序,所以每次綁湖蟹都是由廚師長帶頭。
有兩位廚師同時來應聘,試工。第一位試工的廚師每次都帶頭綁湖蟹,還經常與其他廚師進行“綁湖蟹比賽”。每次比賽,大家都盡最大的努力,可就是比不上他,所有人都為他嫻熟的技術折服———他5分鍾綁20隻湖蟹,其他廚師最多綁12隻。
另一位應聘者也號召大家來比賽,但是他不用表掐時間,光是手腳比劃,數個數,這位廚師的手腳並不快,雖然他的喊聲最大,但是每次一開賽,別的廚師一認真起來就能超過他,他幾乎成了大家的笑料。
盡管如此,那位廚師反而用更大的聲音喊著一定要追上其他廚師,他拚命追,其他員工自然也就拚命地不讓他追上。直到試工結束,他捆一綁湖蟹的效率依舊落在其他廚師後麵。
試工結束了,老板竟然聘用了第二個廚師。作為一名廚師長,幹活效率竟然比職工還慢,怎麽服眾?
酒店老板說出了其中的奧秘:第一位應聘廚師雖然手腳很快,但他總贏,讓大家缺乏自信和動力,雖然大家都響應了比賽,但實際上大家都覺得這是個不能贏的比賽,反正都是輸,還能拿出真正的實力和積極性嗎?
第二個廚師手腳雖然慢,但他的“步步緊逼”逼迫大家既興奮又緊張地拚命加快速度,不讓他追上,就在這追與逃之間,每個人都在無意識中提高了勞動效率———他們竟然每5分鍾綁了18隻湖蟹。
員工們沒有想到的是———剛才在老板辦公室,第二個廚師已經當著老板的麵綁過一次湖蟹,他的成績是每5分鍾綁25隻。
他說:我一個人少綁10隻湖蟹,但其餘10人每人多綁6隻,總效率相當於每5分鍾提高了50隻。
高手,不是讓所有人都輸給你,而是讓所有人都想贏你!
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