[<strong>原文</strong>]
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>將欲取天下而為之,吾見其不得已。天下神器,不可為也,不可執也。為者敗之,執者失之。是以聖人無為,故無敗;無執,故無失。夫物或行或隨;或噓或吹;或強或羸;或載或隳。是以聖人去甚,去奢,去泰。</strong>
<strong>注音版</strong>
<strong>將</strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>欲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>取</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>吾</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>見</strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>得</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>已</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>器</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>可</strong><strong>(k</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>也</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>可</strong><strong>(k</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>也</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>者</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>者</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>失</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>是</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>,故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>失</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>夫</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>物</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>行</strong><strong>(x</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>隨</strong><strong>(su</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>噓</strong><strong>(x</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>吹</strong><strong>(chu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>強</strong><strong>(qi</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>羸</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>載</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>隳</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>是</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>去</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>甚</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>去</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>奢</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,去</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>泰</strong><strong>(t</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>。</strong>
[<strong>譯文</strong>]
“<strong>將欲取天下而為之,吾見其不得已。</strong>”
想要得到天下,駕馭天下,我知道那是辦不到的。/p>
“<strong>天下神器,不可為也,不可執也。為者敗之,執者失之。</strong>”
天下就像神器一樣(這裏的天下可以理解為“<strong>道</strong>”),既不可駕馭它,又不可得到它,駕馭它一定會失敗的,得到他必然招惹跟多麻煩最終還是會失去它。
“<strong>是以聖人無為,故無敗;無執,故無失。</strong>”
所以聖人無為而治,就不會失敗,不去把持它,所以也不會失去。
“<strong>夫物或行或隨;或噓或吹;或強或羸;或載或隳。</strong>”
人和事物總是逆順反複,或是主動的或者是被動,或者一溫一 暖或者酷寒,或者強盛或者衰亡,或者勝利或者失敗。
“<strong>是以聖人去甚,去奢,去泰。</strong>”
因此聖人治理天下,順其自然按照自然的規律做事,去掉一些極端,過分的設施,去奢華而歸樸。
[<strong>長篇大論</strong>]
<strong>楚莊王滅蠟定心</strong>
相傳楚莊王有一次打了勝仗,便在宮內宴請群臣,酒醉之際刮來一陣疾風,將宮內的所有蠟燭一下子都吹滅了,宮中一片黑暗,人們也慌亂起來。
混亂當中有人拉扯宮中的一位美一女 的衣裳,這位女子在掙紮中拔下了拉扯她衣裳的人的帽纓,並大聲呼叫,有人行為不規,要莊王點亮火,檢查帽纓。
莊王聽後,不僅沒有點亮燈火,反而就叫大家在黑暗中都拔下自己的帽纓,然後才點亮蠟燭,並沒有追究行為不規者,他不想為這麽一點小事就懲處大將,而是一直酒宴盡興而散。
三年之後,晉國侵犯楚國,莊王帶領軍隊應戰,發現有一位武將衝鋒在前,奮不顧身,在他的帶動下,所有的士兵個個英勇無敵,把晉軍打得大敗而歸。
莊王事後嘉獎那位武將,那位武將說:“三年前微臣酒後失禮,使大王寬容因人而不加罪於我,臣一直想報答您的恩典。”
楚莊王還是摸不著頭緒,問他究竟,那位武將說:“臣就是那位被宮女拔去了帽纓的人。”
<strong>堯帝禪讓</strong>
堯在位,天下洪水湯湯,用鯀治水,九年無功而返,又啟用禹,使洪水得以治理。堯設置諫言之鼓,讓天下百姓盡其言;立誹謗之木,讓天下百姓攻擊他的過錯。他治天下五十年,問天下治與不治?百姓愛戴自己與否?左右不知,朝野不知。他於是微服訪於民間,有一位老人含著食,鼓著腹,敲著土地唱道:“日出而作,日入而息,鑿井而飲,耕田而食,帝力於我何有哉。”這首古詩稱作《擊壤歌》。
堯帝開創了帝王禪讓之先河,在位七十年,認為兒子丹朱不成器,決定從民間選用賢良之才。堯問四方諸侯首領:“誰能擔負起天子的重任?”四方諸侯首領說:“有個單身漢,在民間。叫虞舜。”於是,堯微服私訪,來到曆山一帶,聽說舜在田間耕地,便到了田間。看見一個青年,身材魁偉、體闊神敏,聚一精一會神地耕地,犁前駕著一頭黑牛、一頭黃牛。奇怪的是,這個青年從不用鞭打牛,而是在犁轅上掛一個簸箕,隔一會兒,敲一下簸箕,吆喝一聲。堯等舜犁到地頭,便問:“耕夫都用鞭打牛,你為何隻敲簸箕不打牛?”舜見有老人問,拱手以揖答道:“牛為人耕田出力流汗很辛苦,再用鞭打,於心何忍!我打簸箕,黑牛以為我打黃牛,黃牛以為我打黑牛,就都賣力拉犁了。”堯一聽,覺得這個青年有智慧,又有善心,對牛尚如此,對百姓就會更有愛心。
堯與舜在田間扯起話題,談了一些治理天下的問題,舜的談論明事理,曉大義,非一般凡人之見。堯又走訪了方圓百裏,都誇舜是一個賢良之才。堯便決定試一試舜。堯把兩個女兒娥皇、女英嫁給舜,讓兩個女兒觀其德;把九個男兒安排在舜周圍,讓九個男兒觀其行。把舜放進深山之中,虎豹毒蛇都被他馴服。舜頭腦清醒,方向明確,深山之中不迷失,很快就走了出來。堯先讓舜在朝中作虞官,試舜三年後,讓舜在堯的文廟拜了堯的先祖,堯便讓舜代其行天子之政。
堯立七十年得舜,二十年後堯老,舜代替堯執政,堯讓位二十八年後死去。
<strong>
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>將欲取天下而為之,吾見其不得已。天下神器,不可為也,不可執也。為者敗之,執者失之。是以聖人無為,故無敗;無執,故無失。夫物或行或隨;或噓或吹;或強或羸;或載或隳。是以聖人去甚,去奢,去泰。</strong>
<strong>注音版</strong>
<strong>將</strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>欲</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>取</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>而</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>r)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>吾</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>見</strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>得</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>已</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>器</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>可</strong><strong>(k</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>也</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>可</strong><strong>(k</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>也</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>者</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>者</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>ě</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>失</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>之</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>是</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>為</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>,故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>敗</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>執</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>無</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>失</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>夫</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>物</strong><strong>(w</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>行</strong><strong>(x</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>隨</strong><strong>(su</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>噓</strong><strong>(x</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>吹</strong><strong>(chu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>;或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>強</strong><strong>(qi</strong><strong>á</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>羸</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>載</strong><strong>(z</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>或</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>隳</strong><strong>(hu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>是</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>去</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>甚</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>去</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>奢</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,去</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>泰</strong><strong>(t</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>。</strong>
[<strong>譯文</strong>]
“<strong>將欲取天下而為之,吾見其不得已。</strong>”
想要得到天下,駕馭天下,我知道那是辦不到的。/p>
“<strong>天下神器,不可為也,不可執也。為者敗之,執者失之。</strong>”
天下就像神器一樣(這裏的天下可以理解為“<strong>道</strong>”),既不可駕馭它,又不可得到它,駕馭它一定會失敗的,得到他必然招惹跟多麻煩最終還是會失去它。
“<strong>是以聖人無為,故無敗;無執,故無失。</strong>”
所以聖人無為而治,就不會失敗,不去把持它,所以也不會失去。
“<strong>夫物或行或隨;或噓或吹;或強或羸;或載或隳。</strong>”
人和事物總是逆順反複,或是主動的或者是被動,或者一溫一 暖或者酷寒,或者強盛或者衰亡,或者勝利或者失敗。
“<strong>是以聖人去甚,去奢,去泰。</strong>”
因此聖人治理天下,順其自然按照自然的規律做事,去掉一些極端,過分的設施,去奢華而歸樸。
[<strong>長篇大論</strong>]
<strong>楚莊王滅蠟定心</strong>
相傳楚莊王有一次打了勝仗,便在宮內宴請群臣,酒醉之際刮來一陣疾風,將宮內的所有蠟燭一下子都吹滅了,宮中一片黑暗,人們也慌亂起來。
混亂當中有人拉扯宮中的一位美一女 的衣裳,這位女子在掙紮中拔下了拉扯她衣裳的人的帽纓,並大聲呼叫,有人行為不規,要莊王點亮火,檢查帽纓。
莊王聽後,不僅沒有點亮燈火,反而就叫大家在黑暗中都拔下自己的帽纓,然後才點亮蠟燭,並沒有追究行為不規者,他不想為這麽一點小事就懲處大將,而是一直酒宴盡興而散。
三年之後,晉國侵犯楚國,莊王帶領軍隊應戰,發現有一位武將衝鋒在前,奮不顧身,在他的帶動下,所有的士兵個個英勇無敵,把晉軍打得大敗而歸。
莊王事後嘉獎那位武將,那位武將說:“三年前微臣酒後失禮,使大王寬容因人而不加罪於我,臣一直想報答您的恩典。”
楚莊王還是摸不著頭緒,問他究竟,那位武將說:“臣就是那位被宮女拔去了帽纓的人。”
<strong>堯帝禪讓</strong>
堯在位,天下洪水湯湯,用鯀治水,九年無功而返,又啟用禹,使洪水得以治理。堯設置諫言之鼓,讓天下百姓盡其言;立誹謗之木,讓天下百姓攻擊他的過錯。他治天下五十年,問天下治與不治?百姓愛戴自己與否?左右不知,朝野不知。他於是微服訪於民間,有一位老人含著食,鼓著腹,敲著土地唱道:“日出而作,日入而息,鑿井而飲,耕田而食,帝力於我何有哉。”這首古詩稱作《擊壤歌》。
堯帝開創了帝王禪讓之先河,在位七十年,認為兒子丹朱不成器,決定從民間選用賢良之才。堯問四方諸侯首領:“誰能擔負起天子的重任?”四方諸侯首領說:“有個單身漢,在民間。叫虞舜。”於是,堯微服私訪,來到曆山一帶,聽說舜在田間耕地,便到了田間。看見一個青年,身材魁偉、體闊神敏,聚一精一會神地耕地,犁前駕著一頭黑牛、一頭黃牛。奇怪的是,這個青年從不用鞭打牛,而是在犁轅上掛一個簸箕,隔一會兒,敲一下簸箕,吆喝一聲。堯等舜犁到地頭,便問:“耕夫都用鞭打牛,你為何隻敲簸箕不打牛?”舜見有老人問,拱手以揖答道:“牛為人耕田出力流汗很辛苦,再用鞭打,於心何忍!我打簸箕,黑牛以為我打黃牛,黃牛以為我打黑牛,就都賣力拉犁了。”堯一聽,覺得這個青年有智慧,又有善心,對牛尚如此,對百姓就會更有愛心。
堯與舜在田間扯起話題,談了一些治理天下的問題,舜的談論明事理,曉大義,非一般凡人之見。堯又走訪了方圓百裏,都誇舜是一個賢良之才。堯便決定試一試舜。堯把兩個女兒娥皇、女英嫁給舜,讓兩個女兒觀其德;把九個男兒安排在舜周圍,讓九個男兒觀其行。把舜放進深山之中,虎豹毒蛇都被他馴服。舜頭腦清醒,方向明確,深山之中不迷失,很快就走了出來。堯先讓舜在朝中作虞官,試舜三年後,讓舜在堯的文廟拜了堯的先祖,堯便讓舜代其行天子之政。
堯立七十年得舜,二十年後堯老,舜代替堯執政,堯讓位二十八年後死去。
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