[<strong>原文</strong>]
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>治大國,若烹小鮮。以道蒞天下,其鬼不神;非其鬼不神,其神不傷人;非其神不傷人,聖人亦不傷人。夫兩不相傷,故德一交一 歸焉。</strong>
<strong>注音版</strong>
<strong>治</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>大</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>國</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,若</strong><strong>(ru</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>烹</strong><strong>(p</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>小</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>鮮</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>道</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>蒞</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>鬼</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>非</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>鬼</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>傷</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>非</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>傷</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>亦</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>傷</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>夫</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>兩</strong><strong>(li</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>相</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>傷</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>br />
</strong><strong>故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>德</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>一交一 </strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>歸</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>焉</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。</strong>
[<strong>譯文</strong>]
“<strong>治大國,若烹小鮮。</strong>”
治理國家,就像烹飪小魚一樣,不能經常翻動,翻動多了就容易碎掉。(有機會大家也在家裏試一試,很有意思!)
“<strong>以道蒞天下,其鬼不神</strong>”
用“<strong>道法</strong>”清靜無為的方法去治理天下,所以天神人鬼都能各安其位,所以鬼不會傷人,因此人們不會覺得有鬼。
“<strong>非其鬼不神,其神不傷人</strong>”
不隻鬼不傷人,神也不會懲罰人,因此人們不會覺得有神。
“<strong>非其神不傷人,聖人亦不傷人</strong>”
不隻神不懲罰人,聖人也不幹預人們,因此人們也不會覺得有聖人。
“<strong>夫兩不相傷,故德一交一 歸焉。</strong>”
萬物互不相傷,一交一 歸於本原,因而天下太平。
[<strong>長篇大論</strong>]
<strong>狼比狗聰明的原因</strong>
在河邊,一隻狼要帶好幾隻小狼過河。以我們粗淺的經驗,它一定會一隻一隻地叼過去。但事實並非如此。老狼因怕子女受傷害,它會咬死一隻動物,把動物的胃吹足氣,然後再用牙咬住蒂處,做成一隻鼓鼓囊囊的皮筏。借著這生命的皮筏,全家渡河。
在動物界,狼是一種非常聰明的動物,如果讓單個的狗與單個的狼搏鬥,敗北的肯定是狗。雖然狗與狼是近親,它們的體型也難分伯仲。但為什麽敗北的總是狗呢?有人曾就這問題仔細地將狗與狼作對此研究。結果發現,經人類長期豢養的狗,因為不麵臨生存的危機,腦容量遠遠小於狼:而生長在野外的狼,為了生存,它們的大腦被很好地開發,不但非常有創造性,而且有著異乎尋常的生存智慧。
狗並不是天生就比狼愚蠢,而是後天豢養的結果。因為萬事萬物皆有惰性,一旦條件優越。就難免不思進取。
<strong>
<strong>原文版</strong>
<strong>治大國,若烹小鮮。以道蒞天下,其鬼不神;非其鬼不神,其神不傷人;非其神不傷人,聖人亦不傷人。夫兩不相傷,故德一交一 歸焉。</strong>
<strong>注音版</strong>
<strong>治</strong><strong>(zh</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>大</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>國</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,若</strong><strong>(ru</strong><strong>o</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>烹</strong><strong>(p</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>小</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>鮮</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>以</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>道</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>蒞</strong><strong>(l</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>天</strong><strong>(ti</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>下</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>à</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>,其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>鬼</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>非</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>鬼</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>傷</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>;</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>非</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>ē</strong><strong>i)</strong><strong>其</strong><strong>(q</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>神</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>傷</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>聖</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>è</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>亦</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>傷</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>人</strong><strong>(r</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。</strong><strong>
</strong><strong>夫</strong><strong>(f</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>兩</strong><strong>(li</strong><strong>ǎ</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>不</strong><strong>(b</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>相</strong><strong>(xi</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>傷</strong><strong>(sh</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>ng)</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>br />
</strong><strong>故</strong><strong>(g</strong><strong>u</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>德</strong><strong>(d</strong><strong>é</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>一交一 </strong><strong>(ji</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>o)</strong><strong>歸</strong><strong>(gu</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>焉</strong><strong>(y</strong><strong>ā</strong><strong>n)</strong><strong>。</strong>
[<strong>譯文</strong>]
“<strong>治大國,若烹小鮮。</strong>”
治理國家,就像烹飪小魚一樣,不能經常翻動,翻動多了就容易碎掉。(有機會大家也在家裏試一試,很有意思!)
“<strong>以道蒞天下,其鬼不神</strong>”
用“<strong>道法</strong>”清靜無為的方法去治理天下,所以天神人鬼都能各安其位,所以鬼不會傷人,因此人們不會覺得有鬼。
“<strong>非其鬼不神,其神不傷人</strong>”
不隻鬼不傷人,神也不會懲罰人,因此人們不會覺得有神。
“<strong>非其神不傷人,聖人亦不傷人</strong>”
不隻神不懲罰人,聖人也不幹預人們,因此人們也不會覺得有聖人。
“<strong>夫兩不相傷,故德一交一 歸焉。</strong>”
萬物互不相傷,一交一 歸於本原,因而天下太平。
[<strong>長篇大論</strong>]
<strong>狼比狗聰明的原因</strong>
在河邊,一隻狼要帶好幾隻小狼過河。以我們粗淺的經驗,它一定會一隻一隻地叼過去。但事實並非如此。老狼因怕子女受傷害,它會咬死一隻動物,把動物的胃吹足氣,然後再用牙咬住蒂處,做成一隻鼓鼓囊囊的皮筏。借著這生命的皮筏,全家渡河。
在動物界,狼是一種非常聰明的動物,如果讓單個的狗與單個的狼搏鬥,敗北的肯定是狗。雖然狗與狼是近親,它們的體型也難分伯仲。但為什麽敗北的總是狗呢?有人曾就這問題仔細地將狗與狼作對此研究。結果發現,經人類長期豢養的狗,因為不麵臨生存的危機,腦容量遠遠小於狼:而生長在野外的狼,為了生存,它們的大腦被很好地開發,不但非常有創造性,而且有著異乎尋常的生存智慧。
狗並不是天生就比狼愚蠢,而是後天豢養的結果。因為萬事萬物皆有惰性,一旦條件優越。就難免不思進取。
<strong>